Research

Foreign Policy of Pakistan

Saeed Shafqat 2023 1 min read

Abstract

Foreign policy of a state is shaped by three critical elements, its geography, history, and orientations of leadership and institutions that manage its foreign relations. In Pakistani case, like in most states, Ministry of Foreign A ffairs has acted in concert with the civil and military leadership in the formulation of foreign policy. Here, it is pertinent to note, as I will illustrate in the following pages that the undercurrents of Domestic politics do impact the foreign policy orientation of a state and Pakistani case is no different. Thus, a brief overview of interplay of these factors in the evolution and development of Pakistan’s foreign policy is provided.

Cover image for Foreign Policy of Pakistan

W ith the intensification o f China-US strategic com petition and the prospects of

loom ing New Cold War, the geo-econom ic and strategic significance

o f Pakistan is gaining a new ground. The N ew Cold w ar is pushing

Iran to consolidate and strengthen strategic partnership with China. The

recent China-lran Deal is a manifestation o f that, while Pakistan has to

tread carefully in maintaining a delicately balanced relationship with

the US and China. For China, the Gwadar Port (Pakistan) accompanied

by Chabhar (Iran) open up unprecedented opportunities for entry into

Persian Gulf and the Arabian Sea. Under these fluid and precipitously

changing regional dynamics and great power competition, the critical

question is; how will Pakistan charter the future direction of its foreign

policy? In the coming decade, as the regional tensions mount and

rivalry among global pow ers to dom inate the Indo-Pacific Ocean

region intensifies, it is ominous that whichever power reigns over

the Persian Gulf will control not only the Arabian Sea but also

dom inate the Indian Ocean.

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